IP Addressing:
There are two versions of IPs
1. IP version 4: offers IPs up to 4.2 billion (32 bit size)
2. IP version 6: 128 bit size.
IP address is used for identifying the
system and provides communication.
IP address is of 32 bits divided in
four octets.
Each Octet is of 8 bits, separated by a
(.) dot.
IP is a combination of Network ID &
Host ID.
Uses subnet mask to differentiate
Network ID with Host ID.
Subnet mask acts like a mask between
Network ID & the Host ID.
Numbers range between 0-255.
Organizations responsible for assigning
IPs to clients.
IANA: Internet Assign Naming Authority.
ICANN: Internet Corporation assigning
for name Numbers.
IANA has classified IP addressing into
classes.
Class A: 1-126(used in LAN/WAN)
Class B: 128
– 191(used in LAN/WAN)
Class C: 192 – 223(used in LAN/WAN)
Class D: 224 – 239 (used for multi casting)
Class E: 240 – 254 (used for experimentation & research)
|
Class
|
Format
|
No of N/Ws
|
No of Hosts
|
Subnet mask
|
Range
|
|
A
|
N.H.H.H
|
28-1 126
|
224 – 2 16.777.214
|
255.0.0.0
|
1 – 126
|
|
B
|
N.N.H.H
|
216-2 16.384
|
216 – 2 65.534
|
255.255.0.0
|
128 - 191
|
|
C
|
N.N.N.H
|
224-3 2.097.152
|
28 – 2 254
|
255.255.255.0
|
192 – 223
|
|
D
|
MULTICAST
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
224 – 239
|
|
E
|
RESEARCH
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
240 - 254
|
Class A:The first octet
is reserved for network ID.
The first bit of first octet is always
(0).
Class B: The first two
octets are reserved for Network IDs.
The first two bits of first octet are
reserved as (10)
Class C: The first
three octets are reserved as network portions.
The first three bits of first octet are
reserved as (110)
Class D: Used for
Multicasting.
The first four bits of first octet are
reserved as (1110)
Class D: Used for
Experimentation.
The first four bits of first octet are
reserved as (1111)
The first bit of first octet is called
as priority bit which determines the class of N/W
0.0.0.0. Are reserved as N/W ID.
255.255.255.255 is reserved as
broadcast ID.
127.0.0.1 Is reserved as loop back ID
Implementing/Configuring TCP/IP.
On Desktop
Right click on my network
places-properties
Double click local area network-Select
properties
Click-Use the following ip address
Specify the address in the box
DNS also same as IP address.
Verifying:
Go to command prompt
Type” ping IP address”. (PING : Packet Internet Groper)
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