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IP Addressing:


IP Addressing:

There are two versions of IPs

1. IP version 4: offers IPs up to 4.2 billion (32 bit size)
2. IP version 6: 128 bit size.

IP address is used for identifying the system and provides communication.
IP address is of 32 bits divided in four octets.
Each Octet is of 8 bits, separated by a (.) dot.
IP is a combination of Network ID & Host ID.
Uses subnet mask to differentiate Network ID with Host ID.
Subnet mask acts like a mask between Network ID & the Host ID.
Numbers range between 0-255.

Organizations responsible for assigning IPs to clients.

IANA: Internet Assign Naming Authority.
ICANN: Internet Corporation assigning for name Numbers.


IANA has classified IP addressing into classes.

Class A:        1-126(used in LAN/WAN)
Class B:        128 – 191(used in LAN/WAN)
Class C:        192 – 223(used in LAN/WAN)
Class D:        224 – 239 (used for multi casting)
Class E:         240 – 254 (used for experimentation & research)


Class
Format
No of N/Ws
No of Hosts
Subnet mask
Range
A
N.H.H.H
  28-1   126    
224 – 2 16.777.214
255.0.0.0
1 – 126
B
N.N.H.H
216-2  16.384
216 – 2 65.534
255.255.0.0
128 - 191
C
N.N.N.H
224-3  2.097.152
28 – 2   254
255.255.255.0
192 – 223
D
MULTICAST
N/A
N/A
N/A
224 – 239
E
RESEARCH
N/A
N/A
N/A
240 - 254

Class A:The first octet is reserved for network ID.
The first bit of first octet is always (0).

Class B: The first two octets are reserved for Network IDs.
The first two bits of first octet are reserved as (10)

Class C: The first three octets are reserved as network portions.
The first three bits of first octet are reserved as (110)

Class D: Used for Multicasting.
The first four bits of first octet are reserved as (1110)

Class D: Used for Experimentation.
The first four bits of first octet are reserved as (1111)

The first bit of first octet is called as priority bit which determines the class of N/W

0.0.0.0. Are reserved as N/W ID.
255.255.255.255 is reserved as broadcast ID.
127.0.0.1 Is reserved as loop back ID

Implementing/Configuring TCP/IP.

On Desktop
Right click on my network places-properties
Double click local area network-Select properties
Click-Use the following ip address
Specify the address in the box
DNS also same as IP address.

Verifying:

Go to command prompt
Type” ping IP address”. (PING: Packet Internet Groper)

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